IFR Written Notes - Part 1 - Air Law - Instrument Rating Written Highlights

Know how to read a NOTAM

GG CYYZLFNI
141736 CYYZLFNI
(DAY) (TIME IN UTC)

060007 NOTAM N CYOW OTTAWA INTL
(YEAR) (NOTAM NUMBER) (N FOR NEW, C / CANELLED, J / CFRI, R / REPEATING, Q / QUERY/RESPONSE)

CYOW ILS 078 U/S TILL APRX 0601191200
IF APRX USED, THERE WILL BE A CANELLING NOTAM
(YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HR)

VASIS - 4 NM Visibility, 3 degree approach

PAPI
W W R R is correct

VASIS - 3 Bar

Normal aircraft (25 Ft. Normal - up to DC-8)
High
R
W W
W W

OK
R
R R
W W

LOW
R
R R
R R

Wide Body
(45 Feet Eye to Wheel)
High
W
W W
N/A

OK
R
W W
N/A

LOW
R
R R
N/A

Position Reports
- not necessary if radar identified unless in an altitude not appropriate for direction
- note that you have to revise if the ETA for next position reported is +/- 3 minutes

1. ID
2. Position
3. Time (UTC)
4. Altitude
5. IFR or VFR Plan
6. Next reporting point and ETA
7. Name of next succeeding reporting point (without the "on request" reporting point)
8. Additional Information
(Note that there was a tricky exam question - there was a on request reporting point - A, a regular reporting point - B (Montreal airport), two more on request reporting points C and D and then the final airport (Ottawa). The question was what do you say if A was a requested reporting point. Choice 1. A, then B and then C (even though it is an on request reporting point) 2. A, then C (on request), and then D(on request) 3. A, then B and then D (on request). I picked choice 1.

Flight Plan Canceling
- Pilot can CANCEL IFR flight plan in which case SAR/Alerting is still active and pilot will need to CLOSE flight plan
- Pilot can change from IFR to VFR flight plan (but need to explictly say this... you'll see that the rules are confusing and leads you to believe that when IFR flight plan is cancelled, flight plan is automatically changed to VFR - not true!)

Approach
- When there is an approach, IFR will clear you to a published approach
- When no approach, ATC will clear you to the MEA, you can descend to the MOCA for 30 min. and retain ATC protection if unable to cancel IFR at MEA (if controller doesn't hear from you, they will automically add 30 min.+ETA to SAR times)
- I got a question wrong on this... if ATC simply clears you to MEA, do you report to the ATC which runway and which approach you intend to take?

Flight Planning
- Speed is in TAS
- You need to revise if it is +/- 5%

Holds
- make at least 3 degrees per second or 25 degree bank angle
- inbound leg hold time 1 min if less than (including) 14,000 feet and 1.5 min if more than 14,000 feet
- Hold minimum speed:
Prop 175 KIAS
or for jet 230 KIAS <= 14,000 feet and > 14,000 feet is 265 KIAS
Shuttle speed should be 200 KIAS Maximum (necessary when more than 2000 feet descent/climb in mountainous areas)

Maximum Speeds
<>Contact Approach - Pilot Initiated Only
Clear of cloud
1 NM flight Vis
Visual reference to earth
ATC provides IFR separatoin and will issue missed (if there are no published missed approach procedures, you won't get contact approach)

Visual Approach - Pilot or ATC Initiated
Ceiling 500 feeet above vectoring altitude
3 SM visibility
Airport sighting required
ATC provides IFR separatoin and will NOT issue missed

Uncontrolled airport procedures (if an airport has an IFR approach, it will be marked black on the chart - as opposed to green)
1. 5 min. before approach procedure
2. Passing fix for approach turn (if no approach turn, intercepting final approach track)
3. Upon passing approach fix (or if no approach fix, 3 min. before estimated time of landing)
4. When commensing circling procedure with intentions
5. Turning in final approach
6. Missed approach

I believe I got a question wrong related to approach - what if you were to do a missed, and you don't get instructions from ATC / Tower... do you...
a. proceed to fix and go directly to alternate
b. do another approch from fix
c. contact ATC
d. do a hold?

Aircraft Categories - climb or approach speeds where applicable
A < style="font-weight: bold;">Circling Approach (gives you 300 ft. clearance above obstacles)
A 1.3 NM
B 1.7 NM
C 1.9 NM
D 2.3 NM

IFR On Top - assigned to reduce ATC workload
- Needs to be autorized by ATC
- 1000 ft. above well defined cloud top
- 3 SM Vis (as opposed to 5 SM for VFR on top)
- B, C, D or E airspace
- No separation (except at night, and when holding)

Extreme Cold Temperatures
- 1000 FT over MEA (except if radar vectored - these are already adjusted)
- Note that areas 1 and 2 (Rocky's and Baffin Islands) requires 2000 ft. obstacle clearance 5 NM from airplane, and areas 2,3,4 require 1500 ft. obstacle clearance 5 NM from airplane

Alternate Minimums
BECOMING / TEMPO - not below alternate minima (use worst case time if improving or if detoriating)
PROB - not below landing minima
a. 2 or more precision - 400-1 (or 200 - 1/2 above HAT)
b. 1 precision - 600-2 (or 300-1 above HAT)
c. non precision - 800-2 (or 300-1 above HAT)

1. Note that 400-1, 600-2, 800-2 are AGL and fixed... you don't need to do add above HAT
2. 200-1/2, 300-1 needs to be added to HAT
You would compare 1 and 2 and use the highest.
If you are using standard 400-1, 600-2, 800-2 you can use sliding scale - 600-2 can be 700-1 1/2 or 800 - 1 and 800-2 can become 900-1 1/2, 1000-1)

Aerodrome Advisory 3 mile vis and 500 ft above HAT
GFA - no cloud (scattered, few, whatever) < style="font-weight: bold;">Missed Approach
- Conduct from original clearance (not from missed approach for circling landing runway)
- Minima published for straight in when runway is within 30 degrees

Altimeter current
- withhin 90 min. of observation

Radar Required approach
- Initial approach segment will be missing

Flight Separation
1000 ft below and including FL 290
2000 ft above FL 290
- note that it is FL when altimeter 29.92 is used

Take Off minimums
- governed by Visibility
- (a) RVR - unless fluctuating above and minimum or low due to localized conditions
- (b) Ground Vis
- (c) Observed by PIC
In no way should it be less than 1/2 SM
Standard (indicated by a *) is 2600 or 1/2 SM
If Spec(ific) Vis(ibility) is used, need to use category
-A 1
-B 1.5
-C 2
-D 2
Obstacle clearance is based no 35 ft. above departure of runway, climb to heading of 400 AAE before turning, maintain climb gradient of 200 FT / NM